India’s top court has ended a British-era practice of exempting Catholic priests, brothers, and nuns working in government-funded education institutions from paying taxes on their salaries. The Nov. 7 order of the three-judge bench of Chief Justice D. Y. Chandrachud, Justices J B Pardiwala, and Manoj Misra dismissed 93 appeals against a 2014 order of the Income Tax Department that asked them to pay taxes. The practice was introduced in 1944 during the British colonial era as part of an effort to promote education across the country. The Income Tax Department, which reports to the federal government, directed state governments in 2014 to deduct tax at source before paying salaries to priests, brothers, and nuns. The Church challenged the order in high courts of the southern states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The state courts upheld the tax department’s order, and appeals were filed before the Supreme Court. The counsels for the Church personnel argued that religious priests and nuns take a vow of poverty, and their salaries are transferred to their respective congregations’ accounts. Unlike other citizens, they do not individually own anything. The country’s top court, in an interim order, temporarily relieved Church personnel. However, in its final verdict, the court wondered how religious people’s vows of poverty or not owning personal property affected the taxability of their income. It asked the government to deduct tax at the source of paying salaries. The Supreme Court also stressed the need for a uniform application of law and held that any person employed and receiving a salary would be subject to taxation.

An Indian church leader has hailed the one-year extension gi-ven to the Justice K G Balakri-shnan commission to study whether socially poor Christians and Muslims are eligible for the nation’s affirmative action policy. “We welcome the extension gi-ven to the panel as it was unable to complete its work within the stipulated time,” said Father Antony Thumma, secretary of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of India (CBCI) Office for Ecu-menism. Prime Minister Naren-dra Modi’s federal government appointed the commission in 2022 to study and recomm-end whether to extend the bene-fits of the affirmative action policy to Christians and Muslims who come from Dalit communi-ties that were once considered untouchable. The benefits of the policy include seats in educational institutions, government jobs, and electoral politics. However, these concessions are currently limited to Dalits who belong to Hinduism, Sikhism, and Buddh-ism. Balakrishnan, a former chief justice of India who headed the three-member panel, was given two years to submit the report. “The panel started its work late as it did not get an office, staff, and other amenities,” said Thu-mma. The priest has been actively involved in the struggles of Dalit Christians to gain benefits from the affirmative action policy. Thumma and a 15-member ecu-menical delegation met the com-mission on Oct. 12 in the national capital, New Delhi, to advocate for the cause of Dalit Christians, who make up more than 50% of India’s 25 million Christians.

An India-based voluntary agency has conferred its Mother Teresa Memorial Award for Social Justice on the late Indian business leader Ratan Tata for ‘his role beyond business’ and 11 others. “Ratan Tata has left a lasting legacy of service and social responsibility that conti-nues to inspire and uplift commu-nities,” said Abraham Mathai, founder-chairman of Harmony Foundation.
The Mumbai-based non-gov-ernmental organization instituted the annual award in memory of Saint Mother Teresa in 2005.The posthumous award to Tata was received by Siddharth Sharma, CEO of Tata Trusts, on Nov. 10 in Mumbai at a function. Tata, former chairman of the Tata Group, died on Oct. 9 in Mum-bai, aged 86. He is credited with putting the Indian conglomerate on the global map. Under his leadership, the group’s revenue rose from US$4 billion to US$100 billion between 1991 and 2012. Tata is known as an iconic business leader and a well-known philanthropist. Tata is also known for his social commitments and philanthropy. Through Tata Trusts, he impacted countless li-ves, fostering education, health-care, and social welfare initiatives across India, Mathai said. Polish activists Lena Grochowska and W³adys³aw Grochowski jointly won the award for their humani-tarian efforts to empower Ukrai-nian refugees in Poland. Their organization – Lena Grochowska Foundation – received the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ Nansen Refugee Award last year.

Church leaders have expressed concern over a southern Indian court’s suggestion to bring Church properties under state control like in the case of Hindus and Muslims following graft allegations. Churches have vast properties and their funds “are drained to fuel a power struggle,” noted the Madurai bench of the Madras High Court in a recent ruling. The court on Oct. 23 served notices on the federal and the provincial Tamil Nadu governments, seeking their opinion on bringing Church properties under a statutory board like in the case of Hindus and Muslims. “We are aware of the court order,” said Father Robinson Rodrigues, spokesperson of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of India (CBCI). “Our legal department is conducting a study on its implications,” Father Rodrigues told. The priest, however, refused to divulge details, saying “the matter is subjudice.” Like in the case of Hindu and Muslim charitable endowments, Christian institutions lack a comprehensive statutory body, the court observed. “Unlike the properties of the Hindu endowment or the Muslim Waqf [charity] Board, Church properties are purchased and not donated,” said Father A Santhanam, a Jesuit priest practicing law at the Madurai court. “Therefore, the findings of the court are not entirely correct,” Santhanam told.

Bishop Marshall Kerketta of Ranchi, the moderator of Gossner Evangelical Lutheran (GEL) Church said that he has rejected the appeal from Anosh Ekka of Jharkhand Party to use the name of the Church for political purposes. Ekka, a tribal Oraon Christian and former minister in the provincial government, recently wrote to letter to Bp Kerketta, reque-sting him to support his party in the upcoming state elections to be held on Nov. 13-20.
The results of the election in 81 state constituencies are to be announced on Nov. 23. In a letter to Ekka, obtained by UCA News, Bishop Kerketta said the request was “not in accordance with the Constitution of the Church and its religious conduct.” The prelate also said that “it is a matter of great surprise that an experienced politician like you, an active and knowledgeable member of the Church has written the letter.” As per the Church rules, the Church cannot endorse any political party in the election, Kerketta said, adding that no one should use the Church’s name in the election campaign. Founded on Nov. 2, 1845, the GEL is a major Protestant Church in India with hundreds of thousands of members. The move from Ekka, the national president of his party and a member of the state legislature from 2005-2018, has triggered uproar in the state. Presently the state is run by the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) party led by Chief Minister Hemant Soren. “I am not surprised by the favour sought by the political parties during the election as it is a common practice. But the Church and its intuitions are not politically affiliated entities so they cannot support any political party as per the Indian Constitution,” Ratan Tirkey, a former mem-ber of the state’s tribal advisory committee, told on Nov 8. Tirkey, the tribal Christian leader said that “any Christian members be it bishops, priests, nuns and laity are Indian citizens first and they exercise the voting right individually, all are free to vote any candidates according to their choice.” Mukti Prakash Tirkey, editor of New Delhi-based Hindi-language weekly Dalit Adivasi Duniya said that “not only the church but religious groups such as Hindus, Muslims and Sikh should refrain from supporting any political parties so that Indian constitution and secularism are upheld”.

A Catholic religious forum has vowed to fight clericalism in the Church by promoting lay leadership. “Clericalism is a serious issue and we have to fight it,” said Father Anand Mathew, the newly elected national convener of the Forum of Religious for Justice and Peace, a body of progressive religious priests, brothers, and nuns in India. Mathew, a mem-ber of the Indian Missionary Society based in the temple town of Varanasi in northern Uttar Pradesh, was elected unopposed to the post at its bi-annual convention in Indore in central India on Oct. 20. The Church in India is cleric – and bishop – centred and the involvement of the laity is “very negligible,” Mathew told on Oct. 25. The lay people should get “their fair share,” the priest said. The participants vowed “to work towards empowering the laity, including women, to transform the Church into a vibrant institution that stands for “the poor and those on the periphery,” Mathew added. The forum, established in 1987, has 21 state units. The forum has decided to run regional awareness campaigns among laypeople, including women and the youth, to promote gender equality in the Church’s decision-making bodies. “Once they [laypeople] are brought to the leadership level, it will infuse new dynamism,” Mathew added. The forum asked the Indian Church to take inspiration from the ongoing Synod on Synodality, convened by Pope Francis at the Vatican. The Synod on Synodality is notable for its diverse parti-cipation, welcoming laypeople and priests alongside bishops. As part of its mission, the members vowed to adopt “simpler lifestyles” and live “closer to the poor,” as Indian Church members face violence from right-wing Hindu groups. The participants stressed the need to “internalize individually and colle-ctively the values” of the papal encyclical Laudato Si’ (Praise be to you) and the apo-stolic exhortation Laudate Deum (Praise be to God). “Development must be people-centred, inclusive, holistic, just, equitable, sustainable, and life-promoting,” the forum said. It expressed concern over the exploita-tion of the earth, leading to “climate change.” The forum wanted to fight the government’s discriminatory and pro-rich policies.

The India-based Syro-Malabar Church has welcomed the appointment of its head, Major Archbishop Raphael Thattil, to a ten-member special Vatican committee on Eastern rite Churches. The appointment made by Pope Francis “is a major recognition to the Syro-Malabar Church,” said Father Antony Vadakkekara, spokes-person of the southern Kerala-headquartered Church. Thattil was “appointed a few days ago, and we were informed today,” he told on Oct. 23. Vadakkekara said the special committee advises Pope Francis on forming policies on Eastern Churches. With 35 dioceses in India and abroad, Thattil represents the second-largest Eastern rite Church in communion with the Holy See. It claims a membership of some 5 million Catholics. ”No doubt, the appointment shows Pope Francis’s special consideration toward the Church that is spread across the globe,” the Vincentian priest added. Thattil’s presence will “effectively help” the Eastern rite Churches worldwide, Vadakkekara added. Before his elevation as the head of the sui juris Church in January, Thattil led the Shamshabad diocese in northern India, touted to be the largest diocese in India, spread over 22 Indian states. As its head, Thattil visited the mission stations in remote villages with poor road connections. A priest who worked with Thattil in northern India said Thattil’s mission experience “will be an added asset” to the dicastery.

The rivalry within the Orie-ntal Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch in India has deepened with its two factions and the go-vernment in the southern Kerala state approaching India’s Supre-me Court for justice over a linge-ring property dispute. A faction of the Damascus-based Church, called Jacobite Church in Kerala, appealed to the top court to “set aside” an Aug. 30 state High Court order, which directed the state government to hand over six disputed churches to the rival Orthodox faction. “We hope the court will consider our appeal and rule favourably,” a Jacobite leader told on Oct. 23. The state government, led by communist parties, became involved in the case after the state High Court found the government in “conte-mpt of court” by failing to imple-ment court orders. The Kerala High Court on Oct. 21 ordered 15 top government officials, including the chief secretary and the director-general of police, to present themselves before the court to face contempt charges. The government appealed against the High Court order in the Su-preme Court on Oct. 22, pleading not guilty to the alleged contempt. The state maintains that it with-drew from taking over the chur-ches from the Jacobites and giv-ing them to the Orthodox faction because the move could result in massive resistance and a serious threat to peace and public order. The Orthodox Church Associa-tion also approached the apex court with a caveat. “We have filed a caveat before the Supreme Court,” claimed lawyer Biju Oommen, an association official.
A caveat in the Indian judicial system allows the petitioner to present his side during a case’s hearing. The Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch is estimated to have 2 million followers in southern Kerala. However, in 1911, the dispute over churches and other assets split the Church into the Jacobite and Orthodox factions.The Orthodox faction claims ownership of some 1,100 churches in India that are currently in the possession of the Jacobites. The Orthodox faction’s supreme head is based in southern Kerala, while the Jacobites owe their allegiance to the patriarch in Antioch. In 1934, they came together, agreed on a constitution, and elected the Catholicos of the East, based in Kerala, as their common head. However, in 1973, they split again, each faction taking over properties in areas where they dominated. The Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch was based in Turkey. However, after World War I, the patriarchate was transferred to Homs in Syria in 1933. In 1959, it was moved to Damascus.

Church leaders, theologians and grassroots workers in India have mourned the death of the father of the Liberation Theology who forced Christians to recognize the poor as agents and partners and not objects of charity. Dominican Father Gustavo Gutiérrez died October 22 in Lima, capital of Peru, his native city. The “prophet of the poor” was 96.
Cardinal Filipe Neri Ferrao, head of India’s Latin Rite Church, mourned Father Gutiérrez’s death as “a tremendous loss, not only to the Church but also to the global community committed to justice, peace, and human dignity.” The South American theologian’s life was “defined by an unwavering dedication to the poor and marginalized. Through his groundbreaking work, A Theology of Liberation, he introduced the Church to a new vision of Christ’s presence in the lives of the oppressed,” said the cardinal, who is also the archbishop of Goa and Daman.
Jesuit social scientist Father Cedric Prakash, who had met Father Gutierre once, too said the “Church and in fact the whole world has lost a person who walked the talk, a courageous prophet who lived the Gospel of Jesus radically and without compromise.” Gutierrez’s theology, he added, was about a God who takes sides with the poor and the oppressed, the excluded and the exploited. Gutierrez used to stress that Christianity should accept Jesus primarily as the redeemer and the liberator of those who are oppressed.

Some 3,000 Christians from various denominations have demonstrated near the Indian parliament, expressing concern over rising incidents of persecution against their community across the country. The Delhi-National Capital Region Christian Fellowship organized the demonstration on Oct. 26 at the Jantar Mantar – an area near parliament allotted for public rallies and protests in New Delhi. “A staggering 585 incidents targeting Christians were recorded so far this year till September,” said Michael William, president of the United Christian Forum (UCF), a Christian rights group that tracks violence against Christians in the country. The UCF recorded a total of 733 incidents of violence against Christians for the whole of 2023, an average of 61 incidents a month. The UCF has not included atrocities against Christians in the north-eastern state of Manipur, where tribal Christians have been at the receiving end of a 17-month-old communal violence that claimed over 230 lives, most of them Christians. William said repeated pleas to Prime Minister Narendra Modi and other government departments, such as the Home Ministry and the national minority commission, have proved futile. The demonstration aimed to attract government attention to Christians’ “deep anguish” over the “targeted violence,” the organizers’ statement said. ”The targeted violence and hostility appear to be suspiciously more in states ruled by the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP),” the statement noted.