The rivalry within the Orie-ntal Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch in India has deepened with its two factions and the go-vernment in the southern Kerala state approaching India’s Supre-me Court for justice over a linge-ring property dispute. A faction of the Damascus-based Church, called Jacobite Church in Kerala, appealed to the top court to “set aside” an Aug. 30 state High Court order, which directed the state government to hand over six disputed churches to the rival Orthodox faction. “We hope the court will consider our appeal and rule favourably,” a Jacobite leader told on Oct. 23. The state government, led by communist parties, became involved in the case after the state High Court found the government in “conte-mpt of court” by failing to imple-ment court orders. The Kerala High Court on Oct. 21 ordered 15 top government officials, including the chief secretary and the director-general of police, to present themselves before the court to face contempt charges. The government appealed against the High Court order in the Su-preme Court on Oct. 22, pleading not guilty to the alleged contempt. The state maintains that it with-drew from taking over the chur-ches from the Jacobites and giv-ing them to the Orthodox faction because the move could result in massive resistance and a serious threat to peace and public order. The Orthodox Church Associa-tion also approached the apex court with a caveat. “We have filed a caveat before the Supreme Court,” claimed lawyer Biju Oommen, an association official.
A caveat in the Indian judicial system allows the petitioner to present his side during a case’s hearing. The Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch is estimated to have 2 million followers in southern Kerala. However, in 1911, the dispute over churches and other assets split the Church into the Jacobite and Orthodox factions.The Orthodox faction claims ownership of some 1,100 churches in India that are currently in the possession of the Jacobites. The Orthodox faction’s supreme head is based in southern Kerala, while the Jacobites owe their allegiance to the patriarch in Antioch. In 1934, they came together, agreed on a constitution, and elected the Catholicos of the East, based in Kerala, as their common head. However, in 1973, they split again, each faction taking over properties in areas where they dominated. The Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch was based in Turkey. However, after World War I, the patriarchate was transferred to Homs in Syria in 1933. In 1959, it was moved to Damascus.

Church leaders, theologians and grassroots workers in India have mourned the death of the father of the Liberation Theology who forced Christians to recognize the poor as agents and partners and not objects of charity. Dominican Father Gustavo Gutiérrez died October 22 in Lima, capital of Peru, his native city. The “prophet of the poor” was 96.
Cardinal Filipe Neri Ferrao, head of India’s Latin Rite Church, mourned Father Gutiérrez’s death as “a tremendous loss, not only to the Church but also to the global community committed to justice, peace, and human dignity.” The South American theologian’s life was “defined by an unwavering dedication to the poor and marginalized. Through his groundbreaking work, A Theology of Liberation, he introduced the Church to a new vision of Christ’s presence in the lives of the oppressed,” said the cardinal, who is also the archbishop of Goa and Daman.
Jesuit social scientist Father Cedric Prakash, who had met Father Gutierre once, too said the “Church and in fact the whole world has lost a person who walked the talk, a courageous prophet who lived the Gospel of Jesus radically and without compromise.” Gutierrez’s theology, he added, was about a God who takes sides with the poor and the oppressed, the excluded and the exploited. Gutierrez used to stress that Christianity should accept Jesus primarily as the redeemer and the liberator of those who are oppressed.

Some 3,000 Christians from various denominations have demonstrated near the Indian parliament, expressing concern over rising incidents of persecution against their community across the country. The Delhi-National Capital Region Christian Fellowship organized the demonstration on Oct. 26 at the Jantar Mantar – an area near parliament allotted for public rallies and protests in New Delhi. “A staggering 585 incidents targeting Christians were recorded so far this year till September,” said Michael William, president of the United Christian Forum (UCF), a Christian rights group that tracks violence against Christians in the country. The UCF recorded a total of 733 incidents of violence against Christians for the whole of 2023, an average of 61 incidents a month. The UCF has not included atrocities against Christians in the north-eastern state of Manipur, where tribal Christians have been at the receiving end of a 17-month-old communal violence that claimed over 230 lives, most of them Christians. William said repeated pleas to Prime Minister Narendra Modi and other government departments, such as the Home Ministry and the national minority commission, have proved futile. The demonstration aimed to attract government attention to Christians’ “deep anguish” over the “targeted violence,” the organizers’ statement said. ”The targeted violence and hostility appear to be suspiciously more in states ruled by the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP),” the statement noted.

The top court in India’s Madhya Pra-desh has temporarily stopped the state government, run by a Hindu right-wing party, from taking over a piece of land from a Protestant mission.The Jabalpur bench of the state High Court on Oct. 7 allowed the mission of the Disciples of Christ Church in Damoh district, 15 days to file a civil suit to settle the land dispute. Navin Lall, the Church’s secretary, said the dispute over 43,560 square feet of prime property in Damoh district has been ongoing for a decade.
The land was under the Church’s control for more than 100 years before a local Hindu man accused the Church people of encroach-ing on it in 2014. He filed a court case, claiming it as government property, Lall said. The Church officials challenged the case in the High Court which suggested an out-of-court settlement between the district autho-rities and Church leaders. But the district officials let the matter drag on and a fresh case was filed against the Church officials this year. On Oct. 4, the authorities issued a notice asking the Church to remove the boundary wall of the disputed property. Later, the Church officials approached the court seeking a stay on the wall’s demolition. Suddenly, on Oct. 7, “the boundary wall was pulled down by district officials like a terrorist operation before the court started working at 10 a.m.,” Lall said. The officials acted in haste, demolishing the 4,570-meter-long wall in the morning before the top court could take up the Church’s petition seeking a stay on its demolition. The case was listed as a priority, Lall said. “The boundary wall was erected 15 years ago” and was sanctioned by local bodies, added Lall. Alok Jacob, a senior Church member, said revenue officials measured the land wrongly to make it appear like a state-owned property. Jacob said that in addition to the disputed land, officials also claimed “another half acre of mission land. “Right-wing “Hindu groups had publicly threatened to pull down the boundary wall if the government failed to do so,” Jacob said. Lall said they plan to file a “complaint before the appropriate authority well before the 15-day deadline ends.” He said “even revenue records were manipulated” to claim the land.
Christian leaders accused the state government of the pro-Hindu Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and right-wing Hindu groups of harassing them for their faith. Christian schools, hostels, and orphanages were targets of attacks from government bodies such as child rights panels and police with allegations of religious conversion, which is banned in Madhya Pradesh under a sweeping law, Christian leaders noted. Bishops, priests, nuns, pastors, and people working in Christian institutions are implicated in several cases in Madhya Pradesh, led by Mohan Yadav of the BJP. Christians make up a mere 0.27 percent of the state’s 72 million people, while Hindus make up 80 percent.

The elevation of an Indian priest who worked in the Vatican as cardinal adds to the global recognition of the Eastern rite Syro-Malabar Church, says the Church’s spokesperson. Father George Jacob Koovakad, a priest of the Kerala-based Church’s Changanacherry archdiocese, was among the 21 new cardinals named by Pope Francis on Oct. 6. They will be given the red biretta on Dec. 8 at the feast of the Immaculate Conception. “It is a great honour for the Syro-Malabar Church as one of its sons is elevated as cardinal directly, which is first in India,” said Fr Antony Vadakkekara, spokesperson of the Church. Until now, only archbishops were named cardinals in India. He added that the elevation of 51-year-old Koovakad is “a global recognition of the Syro-Malabar Church,” the second largest Eastern rite Church with 35 dioceses in India and abroad. Koovakad is part of the Vatican’s diplomatic corps and is responsible for organizing papal trips. According to Church sources, he is expected to continue with the Holy See. Currently, India has four cardinals, but all of them stay in their home dioceses. Koovakad’s elevation “is a great recognition for the Indian Church to have one more cardinal, especially based in the Vatican,” said Father Robinson Rodrigues, spokesperson of the national bishops’ conference.
Rodrigues told on Oct. 8 that Koovakad can play “a vital role” in protecting the interests of the Indian Church. Koovakad joined the Vatican diplomatic service in 2006 and served in the nunciatures in Algeria, South Korea, Iran, Costa Rica, and Venezuela before being tasked with organizing papal trips.

Indian bishops have joined the nation’s top leaders and industry captains in mourning the death of Ratan Tata, an iconic business leader, philanthropist, and visio-nary. Tata, the former chairman of Tata Group died on Oct. 9 at 86 in Mumbai, the state capital of Maharashtra. He is credited with putting the Indian conglo-merate on the global map. The Catholic Bishops’ Conference of India (CBCI) said his life was a testament to an “unwavering commitment to excellence, inte-grity, and compassion.”
“Tata transformed the conglo-merate into a global powerhouse while upholding the values of social responsibility and ethics. His legacy will continue to inspire future generations,” the CBCI said in a statement on Oct 10. The bishops’ body hailed “his philanthropic endeavours, parti-cularly through the Tata Trusts,” which “positively impacted coun-tless lives, fostering education, healthcare, and social welfare initiatives across India.”
India’s Latin-rite Conference of Catholic Bishops of India (CCBI) said: “Ratan Tata was not merely a titan of industry, but a beacon of compassion and generosity.” Through the Tata Trusts and his numerous philan-thropic initiatives, he transformed the lives of millions, championing the cause of the marginalized and playing a pivotal role in India’s development, it said in a state-ment. “Tata’s unwavering commitment to social justice, education, healthcare, and rural development deeply resonated with the core values of the Catholic Church, particularly in its mission to serve the poor and vulnerable,” the statement added.
The CCBI also acknowledged his significant contributions to nation-building and his role in positioning India as a global economic powerhouse while never losing sight of the need to uplift the underprivileged. “His life’s work will continue to serve as a guiding light, inspiring future generations to strive for the betterment of society and to serve others with selflessness and compassion,” it noted. The Catholic Church in India has offered prayers for Tata’s soul and extended condolences to his family, friends, and those touched by his life’s work.

An Indian cardinal attending the Synod on Synodality at the Vatican says the Church in Asia emphasizes its role as a “bridge builder” by developing respect for other faiths. “We no longer refer to them as non-Christian religions or other religions,” said Card. Oswald Gracias of Bombay in an Oct. 7 press briefing, the news service of the Catholic Bishops’ Council of the Phili-ppines (CBCP) reported. “We begin to refer to them after the conference as ‘neighbour reli-gions,’” Gracias added. Gracias while referring to the outcome of the 2022 gathering of the Fe-deration of the Asian Bishops’ Conferences (FABC) in Bangkok said that a “certain closeness” has been created among the conference attendees. ”All of us working together, searching for God and feeling a bond among ourselves that has come out,” Gracias said, referring to the conference. Gracias is among the hundreds of other cardinals, bi-shops, priests, and laity attending the 16th Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bi-shops, held from Oct. 2 to 27 in Vatican City. Gracias, who is among the top Asian voices representing the region’s Chri-stian minority, stressed Vatican II’s call for a greater under-standing of other religions and the need to inculturate the faith. “I feel there is a great richness in Asia, in India, in Korea, in Japan, all these countries. The local culture will help us,” Gracias said. “If we try to, not because we’re trying to convert, if we’re trying to build the kingdom of God also in Asia, we’ve got to take the values of Asia,” he emphasized.
Gracias also pointed out the impact of digital media, recalling a message by a youth representative during the 2022 Asian assembly that called upon bishops to come into the digital world. “A very, very powerful message and a challenging message to all of us who are resisting a bit but cannot resist anymore because that’s the world we are in,” he said. Gracias, also a member of Pope Francis’ Council of Cardinals, pointed out that the Asian delegates were comfortable with the synodal process given the experience of the 2022 Asian assembly. “What came out very strongly was we’ve got to work together, respecting lay people, respecting religions, respecting lay movements, respecting the baptismal consecration of each one, which has come out very strongly in the synod,” he said. The prelate also pointed out that the synod gathering displayed the “great fraternity, the great love for the Church, the great passion to do something to revitalize the Church that comes out very strongly.” “I feel that the synod should have an effect not only in transforming the Catholic Church, [but] the Christian churches and also the world,” Gracias emphasized.

India’s Hindu right-wing government has rejected a United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) report on India, calling the US agency “biased” and the findings “malicious.” The USCIRF ”is a biased organization with a political agenda,” Indian foreign ministry spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal told reporters in the capital New Delhi. “We reject this malicious report, which only serves to discredit the USCIRF further,” he added on Oct. 3.The US independent bipartisan agency in its Oct. 2 report on India’s religious freedom said, “Individuals have been killed, beaten, and lynched by vigilante groups, religious leaders have been arbitrarily arrested, and homes and places of worship have been demolished.” These events “constitute particularly severe violations of religious freedom,” the commission said and asked the US State Department to designate India as a “Country of Particular Concern.” This is the fifth time the commission has asked the US administration to declare India a “Country of Particular Concern (CPC)” which is the designation for a country responsible for particularly severe violations of religious freedom under the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. India is ruled by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The pro-Hindu party is against the missionary activities of the Indian Church.

Since Modi came to power in 2014, violence against Christians has increased, but India’s prime minister enjoys cordial ties with the US administration. The USCIRF annually releases policy recommendations to the State Department on international religious freedom. USCIRF’s report on India said, “The government, led by Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), reinforced discriminatory nationalist policies, perpetuated hateful rhetoric and failed to address communal violence. “The ministry spokesperson called on the USCIRF to “desist from such agenda-driven efforts” and asked it to focus on addressing human rights issues within the United States. “It is sad that the Indian government is sweeping the report under the carpet, terming it “biased,” said A C Michael, National Coordinator of the United Christian Forum (UCF), an ecumenical body that records persecution against Christians in the country. The government should take necessary steps to protect the religious rights of minorities, Michael, a former member of the Delhi minority commission, told UCA News on Oct. 4.”At least two Christians are attacked every day in the country for their faith.” According to the UCF, India has recorded “447 incidents of violence against Christians this year from January to Aug. 10.” The ecumenical body recorded 731 incidents of violence in the country in 2023, excluding strife-torn Manipur where over 230 people have been killed, 60,000 others displaced and over 360 churches destroyed during 16 months of sectarian strife. According to Church leaders, the Uttar Pradesh government, the most populous state in the country with 200 million people and ruled by the pro-Hindu party, has registered 835 cases against Christians and Muslims under a sweeping anti-conversion law since it was enacted in 2020. Nearly 1,682 people have been arrested on conversion charges as of July 31, 2024. These cases are “closely monitored by senior officials,” said the state’s director general of police Prashant Kumar while briefing the media. Eleven states, most of them ruled by the BJP, have enacted a draconian anti-conversion law. This year’s USCIRF report recommended that 12 nations designated in 2023 by the State Department to be of “particular concern” be named again, including Russia and China.

Catholic bishops in southern Indian Kerala state have petitioned a parliamentary panel seeking justice for over 600 families, the majority of them Christians, after a Muslim body claimed that their land and homes were once donated as charity for Muslim welfare. Cardinal Baselios Cleemis, president of the Kerala Catholic Bishops Conference, petitioned the Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC), which is studying amendments pro-posed to a 1995 law meant to manage donated properties of the Muslim community across India. Father Michael Pulickal, who heads the bishops’ Commission for Social Harmony and Vigilance, said the Waqf Board’s claim, first made in 2019, has caused “severe hard-ship” to hundreds of families in the coastal villages of Ernakulam district. The board claims an area covering some 1,000 land titles currently occupied by 600 families of various religious backgrounds was donated as Waqaf land for Muslim charity. These families face the threat of being vacated from the land “they have legally purchased,” the priest told on Sept. 25. “Our aim is to ensure that no one shall be displaced from their rightful properties,” Pulickal, who has conducted extensive study into this dispute, told on Sept. 25. “This situation has led to serious human rights violations, infringing on their constitutional rights to live and own property,” he said. The Cardinal in his Sept. 10 petition, a copy of which was made available on Sept. 25, said the government must “take immediate and decisive action to resolve this issue.” The Waqf Board’s claim has no legal validity and once such a claim is made on any land, “it will go through extremely complicated legal procedures. If necessary judicial and government inter-vention is not done in time, the land will be permanently vested in the Waqf Board,” Pulickal said.

A petition seeking a special probe into shelter homes, including those run by the Missionaries of Charity (MC), in a central Indian state has been dismissed by the country’s top court. “Yes, we are aware of the case; but don’t want to comment on it,” said a nun from the Mother House, the headquarters of the congregation started by St. Mother Teresa, in the eastern Kolkata city, on Sept. 25. The petition was filed by the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) in 2020, two years after MC sisters were accused of selling babies from their shelter homes in the central state of Jharkhand. In 2018, a raid was ordered by the then Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government in the state. That same year, Jharkhand police arrested a nun from the Kolkota-based congregation and sent her to jail for close to three months following a complaint from a couple over payment made while adopting a child. The NCPCR said it approached the top court after the new state government made continuous attempts to sabotage its probe. Its counsel said the child rights panel wanted a “court-monitored, time-bound” probe into all shelter homes in Jharkhand. The Supreme Court on Sept. 24 dismissed the petition saying it “is totally misconstrued.” “Don’t drag the Supreme Court into your agenda,” a bench of Justices B V Nagarathna and Nongmeikapam Kotiswar Singh told the child rights panel, which reports to the federal government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
The ruling BJP used the allegations against the MC nuns to target other shelter homes and sought scrapping of the congregation’s license to receive foreign funds. In 2019, the right-wing party lost power and a secular regional party came to power in Jharkhand.
“It is shocking to learn that a federal statutory body like the NCPCR can file a frivolous petition before the top court,” said A. C. Michael, a Catholic leader based in the national capital New Delhi. On the other hand, the court should appoint a special team to probe the NCPCR as it often oversteps “into areas beyond its jurisdiction to harass Christian institutions,” added Michael, a former member of the minority commission in the Delhi government. Christian leaders have accused the NCPCR under its current chairperson Priyank Kanoongo of conducting raids on their institutions in violation of the laid down norms and registering false cases against bishops, priests, and nuns.