• Fr Jo Paul Kiriyanthan

A recent study conducted by Thanal, a suicide prevention center based in Kozhikode, has drawn attention to a deeply concerning issue: the rising rate of suicides among men in Kerala. By analyzing data from the State Crime Records Bureau between 2012 and 2023, the study reveals several psychological and social factors that contribute to this growing crisis.

One of the most striking findings from the study is the vulnerability of married men. In 2023 alone, more than 76 percent of male suicide victims were married, indicating that the responsibilities and emotional challenges tied to marriage and family life are significant stressors. Contrary to the assumption that marriage provides emotional support and stability, many men experience isolation and pressure to uphold societal expectations, often without emotional outlets or coping mechanisms.

The data also reveals that family-related problems are the leading cause behind these suicides, making up nearly half of all cases. These include marital conflicts, strained relationships within the household, and financial stress that affects family dynamics. Additionally, health-related issues, particularly those involving mental health conditions like depression and anxiety, accounted for over 21 percent of the cases.

Cultural norms play a critical role in shaping how men process and express emotional distress. In Kerala, as in many parts of India, men are conditioned from a young age to be resilient, and self-reliant. This social conditioning leads many to suppress their emotions, avoid seeking help, and perceive vulnerability as weakness. When emotional pain is not acknowledged or addressed, it builds silently, often with tragic consequences. Many men, unable or unwilling to speak about their mental struggles, resort to self-harm as a final escape.

Education and employment status are also contributing factors. A significant number of those who died by suicide had only completed education up to the SSLC level, while another quarter had completed higher secondary education. This suggests limited opportunities and greater financial stress for men with lower educational qualifications. Interestingly, over 60 percent of the victims were employed, indicating that simply having a job does not protect against psychological distress. Many working men face constant pressure to provide, job insecurity, and a lack of work-life balance, all of which can take a serious toll on mental health.

In light of these findings, there is a clear need for more inclusive and accessible mental health services across Kerala. Counseling and emotional support systems must be expanded, particularly in smaller towns and rural areas. Public campaigns are essential to break the stigma around mental illness and to encourage men to express their emotions and seek support without fear or shame.

The rising rate of male suicides in Kerala is not just a public health issue—it is a reflection of deep emotional, cultural, and systemic challenges. The Thanal study underscores the urgency of creating a more compassionate society where men are not just expected to be strong, but are supported in being human—vulnerable, emotional, and worthy of care.