This is indeed a strange title. It is borrowed from the Vatican II document “The Pastoral Constitution of the Church in the Modern World”. Let me quote it. “The Church admits that she greatly profited and still profits from the antagonism of those who oppose or persecute her” (GS 44).

Perhaps “benefit” would have been a better choice of word than profit. Let’s not quibble over words and get to the point. What do we understand by persecution? Is it good or bad for us?

I would first distinguish between persecution, harassment and isolated instances. Persecution means a planned programme against a particular community, especially by those in power. Harassment is the use of various government agencies to hound a community and make life miserable for them. Perhaps the most harassment of Christians is in the North East, especially Assam.

… Let us now ask ourselves a few questions. Is persecution a virtue to be glorified? What do the Bible and Vatican II say about persecution? The first question is indeed a conundrum, with no clear answer; but as we move forward we may find some light at the end of the tunnel.

In the NT the word persecute is used 10 times and persecution 14 times and martyr just once (Rev 17:6). Persecution seems integral to profession of the Christian faith. It is portrayed as a blessing (Mat 5:11). We are told that we will be persecuted (Mat 23:34, Lk 21:12, Jn 15:20). We must be prepared for this (Mat 10:16, 24:9, Mk 10:30, 13:9, Lk 21:10). Nevertheless we are advised to flee from persecution (Mat 10:29) and pray for the persecutors (Mat 5:44, Rom 12:14).

Persecution of Christians is also perceived as a direct attack on Jesus himself as addressed to Saul “Why are you persecuting ME?” (Acts 9:5). Other NT writers like Paul also seem reconciled to persecution. Paul says it will not separate us from Jesus (Rom 8:35). He recommends that we be content with persecutions (2 Cor 12:10, 2 Thes 1:4).

Vatican II teachings seem to endorse this biblical approach. Tertullian of Carthage in Africa had said in the second century that “The blood of martyrs is the seed of the Church” and “The first reaction to truth is hatred.”

Further, “The greater the number of persecutions that are inflicted upon us, so much greater the number of other men who become devout believers”. That is why Vatican II says “The Church considers martyrdom as an exceptional gift and as the highest proof of love” (LG 42). As stated at the beginning it even sees it as something “profitable”!

All this sounds idyllic on paper. Bur before exulting “Alleluia” I ask a simple question, “How many of us are willing to be martyred for the faith?” If the answer is a deafening silence then we need a more pragmatic approach to persecution or martyrdom.

In recent times we have witnessed the death of Christians in the Dangs area in Gujarat in 1998 and later in Kandhamal, Orissa. There was the burning of Graham Staines and his minor children, the brutal killings of Sisters Rani Maria and Valsa and the custodial death of Father Stan Swamy.

Did the Church “profit” from these deaths? Perhaps not. It then seems that contrary to biblical exhortations, persecution and martyrdom are neither desirable nor beneficial.

… Besides, social, RTI and dalit activists, journalists and trade unionists have also been killed for their beliefs, or the causes that they espoused. They were heroic acts for social justice, but cannot be bracketed with what we normally call Christian martyrdom.

… There is no Constantine or Theodosius to protect Christians today. We need to protect ourselves and take whatever precautionary measures we can. I have a few simple suggestions:

1. As Jesuit Father Cedric Prakash never tires of saying – keep your papers in order. Don’t give your adversaries an opportunity to attack you.
2. Avoid all forms of aggressive evangelisation, especially anything denigratory of other religions. Let us not pretend that we are the chosen few and all the rest are going to Hell! I recall a recent statement of Pope Francis, “I hope that there is nobody in Hell.” He asserted that this was not a doctrinal statement, but his personal feeling. So, let’s not breathe fire and brimstone at others. How and when to evangelise is another issue entirely, beyond the scope of this piece.
3. We are Indian Christians, not Roman or European ones. Remember what Mahatma Gandhi had said, “I like Christ but I don’t like Christians.” He was probably exposed to the more westernised style of Christianity where neo-converts abruptly jettisoned all forms of Indian culture that they mistakenly linked to Hinduism.

In conclusion I would say that we cannot welcome persecution as a virtue, especially if it happens to someone else. Let us do whatever we can to promote peace and harmony among all peoples.

• Chhotebhai, Matters India
  (The writer is the convener of the Indian Catholic Forum)