On Jan. 11, Pope Francis published an apostolic letter issued motu proprio (which means “on his own impulse” in Latin), modifying canon law regarding women’s access to the ministries of lector and acolyte. He also released a letter to Vatican doctrinal chief Cardinal Luis Ladaria explaining his reasoning for the decision.
In the document, Spiritus Domini, the Pope changed Church Law so that women can be formally instituted to the lay ministries of lector and acolyte.
The Pope modified the wording Canon 230§1 of the Code of Canon Law, which previously limited the ministries to lay men.
He changed the phrase “lay men” to “lay persons,” so that the canon now reads: “Lay persons of suitable age and with the gifts determined by decree of the Episcopal Conference may be permanently assigned, by means of the established liturgical rite, to the ministries of lectors and acolytes; however, the conferment of such a role does not entitle them to support or remuneration from the Church.” Yes, in many parts of the world women serve and read at Mass. But until now they were not officially established in the role with the liturgical rites associated with the ministry of an acolyte or lector. They per-formed the role “by temporary designation,” under Canon 230§2 of the Code of Canon Law.
The ministries were traditionally reserved to men because they were associated with what were known as the “minor orders” of priesthood: stages on the way to priestly ordination.
But in 1972, Pope Paul VI intended to abolish the minor orders in the motu proprio Ministeria quaedam. From then on, he said, lector and acolyte should be regarded as ministries, rather than minor orders. When they are conferred, he wrote, it should not be called “ordination,” but rather “institu-tion.” A lector is a person who reads Scripture to the congregation at Mass (other than the Gospel, which is only proclaimed by deacons and priests).
After abolishing the minor orders, Pope Paul VI wrote that an acolyte was a ministry in the Church with the “duty to take care of the service of the altar, to help the deacon and the priest in liturgical actions, especially in the celebration of the Holy Mass.”
In Pope Francis’s letter to Cardinal Ladaria, he said that the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments would be responsible for guiding the changes, amending parts of the Roman Missal and the rite of institution of lectors and acolytes where necessary.

Over the past few decades, vacant and under-utilized churches have become a familiar sight in American cities.
In some cases, a congregation or a religious governing body – say, a Catholic diocese – will sell the church to developers, who then turn them into apartments, offices, art galleries, museums, breweries or performance spaces. But what about churches in neighborhoods that aren’t doing well, areas that are less attractive to developers looking to turn a profit?
In Buffalo, New York, two empty Roman Catholic churches have been converted – not into apartments or offices, but into other places of worship. One became an Islamic mosque, the other a Buddhist temple.
As an architect and historic preservation planner, I was drawn to this phenomenon. With the help of Enjoli Hall, who was then a graduate student at University at Buffalo, I interviewed those involved in converting the former churches.
With immigrant and refugee populations growing in post-industrial cities across the U.S., the con-version of vacant Christian churches into new places of worship can preserve historic archi-tecture and strengthen burgeoning communities.
In Buffalo, a split between east and west.
Buffalo has long been an immigrant gate-way. From 1850 to 1900, the city’s population in-creased by over 700%. In 1892, over one-third of Buffalo’s residents were foreign born. Poles, Ger-mans and Italians settled in the city, leading to a wave of church construction. In the 1930s, African Americans started migrating from southern US to the east side of the city.
But by 2010, the city’s population had dwindled to just over 260,000 people – less than half of what it was in 1950.
Nonetheless, Buffalo has recently been in the news for its efforts to overcome decades of population decline and disinvestment. In 2016, Yahoo News anchor Katie Couric, fascinated by Buffalo’s transformation, featured the city in her six-video series, “Cities Rising: Rebuilding America,” while The New York Times detailed the changes taking place in some of the city’s neighbourhoods. This public attention, however, has mainly focused on the West Side neighbour-hoods, which have experienced the bulk of investment and population growth. Neighbourhoods in Buffalo’s East Side continue to face tremendous challenges of poverty, crumbling infrastructure and abandoned houses.

“When I meet the leaders of the world, they always ask me questions about the persecution that is affecting us in Egypt, and I answer that there is no persecution, clearly rejecting this expression to qualify our condition in our country.” This is how Coptic Orthodox Patriarch Tawadros II described his reaction to foreign representatives – including political leaders and Heads of State – who, when they meet him, evoke in their conversation formulas and schemes with which the Coptic Christians of Egypt in the “mainstream” media representation, and in general the Christian communities in the countries of North Africa and the Middle East, are systematically labelled as “persecuted minorities.”
This representation – explained Pope Tawadros in an interview broadcast by the satellite television channel Nile TV on the occasion of the Coptic Christmas – provides “a distorted image of the situation in Egypt,” where Copts are called to face difficulties and problems also linked to sectarian violence and discrimination, which however do not constitute a condition of systematic religious persecution.
“If there is a problem between the different communities in a village,” the Patriarch explained, referring to recent cases of sectarian conflicts that have exploded in certain regions of Upper Egypt, “it is necessary to take into account that in Egypt there are 5000 villages. It happens that in some of them people act recklessly, but for this they are arrested and judged. I categorically reject the definition of “persecution” that some leaders put before me when they talk about Copts.”
During the interview, the Patriarch also dwelt on the new law on the construction of new churches, which since September 2016 has removed the limitations and conditions that previously made it also impossible to build new Christian places of worship in Egypt. Within the framework of this new legislative provision, promoted by President Adel Fattah al Sisi – commented the Patriarch – we can also perceive “the shrewdness of the political leader” who, through laws and choices, aims to preserve stability and social peace.

An exam room at the Planned Parenthood South Austin Health Centre is shown following the U.S. Supreme Court decision striking down a Texas law imposing strict regulations on abortion doctors and facilities in Austin, Texas, U.S. on June 27, 2016. The number of clinics that provide surgical abortion procedures has declined over the past several years while the number of clinics that provide only abortion pills is increasing, according to an annual report by a leading pro-life activist group.
The Kansas-based Operation Rescue released the report examining trends among abortion clinics across the country. The report finds that the number of surgical abortion clinics in the United States has dropped by over 35% from 713 facilities in 2009 to 458 facilities in 2020.
Meanwhile, clinics that provide non-surgical abortion methods, such as abortion-inducing drugs like mifepristone and misoprostol, have been on the rise in the U.S. — going from 131 facilities in 2009 to 248 facilities in 2020.
Overall, there were 706 clinics offering abortions of some kind in 2020, slightly down from the 710 facilities reported to be operating in 2019, and well below the 856 that were open in 2012.
In a statement included in the report, Operation Rescue President Troy Newman considered the latest numbers to be promising news for the pro-life movement.

Babachir said he had been in the shoes of the deposed ruler and the monarch’s stance for the poor and the downtrodden especially in the North, will eventually lead to his emergence as a stronger and better person. Babachir made the remarks in a statement issued to newsmen, in Yola, Adamawa State. Addre-ssing the embattled Emir of Kano, Babachir said: “Good morning your Royal Highness. Please, note that wherever and however you may be now, God is with you; good Nigerians are with you and we the lovers of the North stand with you.” Given the way God does His things, this is only the beginning of good things and His showers of ble-ssings upon you. “We, lovers of Nigeria particularly the northern Nigerian ones, have listened to you and are in total agreement with what you say and the way you say it and we shall yet cele-brate with you.” He explained that “I have gone through this type of experience and I have come out the better and stronger for it. You are a hero of all the poor, the uneducated and the oppressed northerners in parti-cular and indeed Nigerians. “But you are also hated by the corrupt rich, the educated illiterates, the tribalists, some hard-lined fue-dalists and religious bigots and they are more powerful, more united and can muster more recourses than us.” “But God is God. No man is God. Man can only be a tin god for a brief period, wither like the flower, and thereafter be accountable for all his actions on the day of judge-ment before our Lord, Jesus Christ. “Your Highness, I reco-mmend Psalm 37 to you; borrow a Bible and read it, that is if you do not already have one.” Ma-king reference to the situation of some Nigerian leaders he admo-nished the monarch saying, “God is God. No man is God.”