Thailand and Cambodia have signed an agreement to implement a ceasefire to stop weeks of border hostilities. The truce, signed by Thai and Cambodian Defence Ministers, puts on hold the worst conflict in years between the two countries. In 20 days of armed clashes, just over 100 people have been killed and more than half a million displaced.

In addition to ending fighting, the accord commits each party to no further military actions and to no breaches of the counterpart’s airspace for military purposes.

Only Thailand had conducted air raids during combat, striking locations in Cambodia.

Renewed fighting broke out early December after the collapse of a ceasefire that U.S. President Donald Trump and Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim had helped negotiate to halt a previous round of clashes. Mr Trump pushed through the first deal, threatening to deny Thailand and Cambodia trade privileges unless both countries agreed. The U.S. President named the agreement the “Kuala Lumpur Peace Accords”. It ordered each party to withdraw its artillery from the contested territory and to set up an interim panel of observers to oversee the process. However, Thailand stopped complying with it in November after Thai soldiers suffered mine blast injuries.

An observer team from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations will monitor the new ceasefire and both countries will provide direct coordination. Under the new terms, the return of people displaced from affected border ‌zones will be guaranteed and neither side will use any force against civilians. Thailand will also free 18 Cambodian soldiers in its custody since the July clashes if the truce is fully upheld for 72 hours, according to the deal. Since the fighting began, hundreds of thousands of people have fled from stricken areas on both sides of the border. Each side accused the other of inciting the clashes and declared that they were acting in self-defense. December 27^th  pact, however, will not affect any boundary-setting activities in progress between the parties and the assignment of contested territories will be left to bilateral negotiations.

From 16 to 18 December 2025, Cardinal Luis Antonio Gokim Tagle, Pro-Prefect of the Dicastery for Evangelization, visited the Apostolic Vicariate of Southern Arabia, bringing with him the greetings and blessing of Pope Leo XIV. It was a short but highly meaningful journey, understood by the local Church as a concrete sign of the Pope’s closeness to a community made up largely of migrants and situated within a complex multicultural and interreligious context.

Central to the visit was participation in the Simbang Gabi celebrations, the Filipino Christmas novena held from 15 to 23 December, which in the Vicariate represents one of the moments of greatest ecclesial participation. Cardinal Tagle presided over Masses in Dubai and Abu Dhabi, attended by more than 30,000 and 18,000 faithful respectively. These numbers reflect not only the vitality of the Filipino community, the largest in the Vicariate, but also the role of the Church as a place of belonging and spiritual support for workers and families far from their countries of origin.

Alongside the liturgical moments, ample space was devoted to pastoral meetings. Cardinal Tagle met with the Apostolic Vicar, Bishop Paolo Martinelli, with priests, office directors, and leaders of the linguistic communities, reflecting together on the challenges of a Church called to safeguard unity within diversity.  A recurring theme was interculturality. Cardinal Tagle encouraged the faithful of different languages and traditions to take part together in ministries, learning to “walk together” and to place the richness of their cultures at the service of the entire ecclesial community. This invitation echoes the image of the “joyful polyphony of faith,” dear to recent Church teaching and especially meaningful in a migratory context such as that of the Arabian Peninsula. During the visit there were also moments of direct listening, particularly with representatives of the Filipino community and with the pastoral council of Saint Mary’s Church in Dubai, considered the largest Catholic parish in the world.

Archbishop Gilbert Garcera of Lipa has officially begun his new role as president of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines (CBCP). The CBCP elected Garcera during its 130th plenary assembly on July 5 in a break from the conference’s tradition of electing the previous vice president, in this case Bishop Mylo Hubert Vergara of Pasig, to serve in the role. The last time the conference opted not to elect its vice president was in 2011.  Garcera, who has advocated for synodality within the Filipino Church, comes to the leadership position amid national instability due to government corruption and natural disasters. Garcera’s predecessor, Cardinal Pablo Virgilio David of Kalookan, served two four-year terms. Archbishop Julius Tonel of Zamboanga will act as Garcera’s vice president, and their terms will run until Nov. 30, 2027. “I hope you will pray for me, because the cross that was placed on me is very heavy,” Garcera said in a video message on Facebook after his election. 

Satisfaction has been expressed with the news that on December 06 the episcopal dignity of Bishop Emeritus Joseph Zhang Weizhu of the Apostolic Prefecture of Xinxiang (Henan, mainland China) has received civil recognition.”

According to a statement issued by Matteo Bruni, Director of the Holy See Press Office, on December 06, “This measure is the result of dialogue between the Holy See and the Chinese authorities and represents a new and important step in the communal journey of ecclesiastical circumscription.”

On Friday, 5 December, the episcopal ordination of Bishop Francis Li Jianlin of Xinxiang took place. He had been appointed Bishop of the Apostolic Prefecture of Xinxiang (Henan Province, China) by Pope Leo XIV on 11 August.

The Pope approved his candidacy “within the framework of the Provisional Agreement between the Holy See and the People’s Republic of China” and accepted the resignation from pastoral governance submitted by Bishop Joseph Zhang Weizhu.

Over 90,000 people held a second nationwide protest over a corruption scandal involving infrastructure projects worth an estimated $2 billion on Nov. 30. According to the Philippine National Police (PNP), 119 rallies were organized by the Catholic Church, civil society movements, and others and were attended by bishops, priests, nuns, seminarians, catechists, and students as well as the laity and politicians. More than 16,000 people protested at the EDSA People Power Monument in Manila. About 17,000 police officers were deployed to maintain security, according to official sources.

Cardinal Pablo Virgilio David, outgoing president of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines, led Mass at the EDSA People Power Monument — a shrine commemorating the 1986 People Power Revolution that peacefully toppled the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos Sr. The site, located along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue in Metro Manila, also witnessed mass protests that ousted President Joseph Estrada in 2001.

“We returned to EDSA because this place holds the memory of peaceful courage. Here, our people once stood unarmed yet unafraid, choosing moral clarity over fear,” David said. “Today, as our country confronts wounds inflicted by greed and impunity, we come again — not to tear down, but to call our leaders and ourselves back to the path of truth. The democracy restored by the EDSA People Power Revolution may be flawed, unfinished, and fragile, yet it is the only soil where genuine change can take root. And so, we gather to protect it — not through force, but through fidelity,” he added.

Marcos Sr. was the father of current President Ferdinand Marcos Jr., who has acknowledged public distrust and anger about corruption. The country lost 118.5 billion pesos ($2 billion) from 2023 to 2025 due to corruption in flood control projects, according to the Department of Finance.

David, who also serves as bishop of Kalookan, a diocese in Metro Manila, was impressed by “the sight of countless communities mirroring this gathering across the archipelago. Parishes, civic groups, families, and young people stood under their own skies, offering their own prayers and witness.” According to him, the protest was “as though the whole nation exhaled in unison — a collective longing to heal what has been broken, a gentle but firm refusal to surrender our future to the darkness of corruption. There was no hatred in the air, only resolve. No violence, only vigilance. No despair, only the quiet bravery of those who still believe.” The cardinal said the country remains committed to truth, to justice, to the poor, and to each other. “EDSA is not a relic. It is a living vow. And today, once again, we renewed it,” he added.

Through the Office of Papal Charities, Pope Leo XIV has offered support to several South and Southeast Asian countries facing severe hardship after devastating cyclones caused widespread loss of life and extensive material damage.

Nearly 1,800 people have died, and more than a thousand remain missing across the region after the late-November monsoon rains, intensified by a series of tropical cyclones, triggered floods, landslides, and mudslides, hampering rescue efforts. Entire villages remain isolated after bridges and roads were swept away by water and debris.

In response to the emergency, the Pope has sent assistance, through the Papal Almoner, to countries most affected, including Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand. During the Angelus on Sunday, 7 December, Pope Leo XIV had already expressed his closeness to the populations severely tested by these natural disasters. He assured his prayers and urged the international community to show solidarity with those facing grave hardship in these regions.

Asian bishops, communication leaders, and media professionals have opened the Bishops’ Meet–2025 in Hong Kong with a call to embrace artificial intelligence (AI) responsibly, grounding technological advances in human dignity, ethical discernment, and the mission of the Church. The three-day gathering (10–12 December), organised by the Office of Social Communications of the Federation of Asian Bishops’ Conferences (FABC-OSC), is taking place at St. Francis University and brings together more than 30 participants from across the continent.

Celebrating the Opening Mass, Cardinal Stephen Chow, SJ, Bishop of Hong Kong, invited Asian communicators to regard AI as a “gift from God” whose use must remain oriented toward the good of humanity and the care of creation. “I think AI is not from the devil. AI comes from God, who helps us,” he said during his homily. “I pray that this meeting will help us, liberate us, and inspire us to work with AI to achieve the blessings God intends for us.”

The Cardinal encouraged participants to approach technological developments with hope, careful discernment, and ethical clarity. Catholic media, he said, must uphold moral credibility even amid rapid change.

“Otherwise, how can we call ourselves Catholic media?” he asked. “When we put our hope in the Lord, we must first honour Him, not funding agents or ideologies. We need to discern God’s will for our mission in this shifting context.” Cardinal Chow underscored that fidelity to conscience remains essential: “Whenever I spoke from my conscience, even when attacked, I still experienced peace.” Speaking from both personal and communal conscience shaped through synodal processes, he said, brings freedom and authenticity. Quoting Jesus’ words, “My yoke is easy,” the Cardinal concluded that communicators, too, will find lightness “when we speak with our hearts, guided by the Spirit.”

Addressing the assembly on 10 December, Dr Paolo Ruffini, Prefect of the Dicastery for Communication, offered a wide-ranging reflection on the promise and risks of AI for the Church and society. He cautioned against deepfakes, unverifiable sources, algorithmic filtering, and the opaque logic by which digital platforms shape information flows. These dynamics, he said, can enclose users in “filter bubbles” driven by commercial or ideological interests rather than truth. Ruffini noted that dominant AI models often prioritise speed and attention over depth and accuracy, endangering freedom of thought and distorting public discourse.

Echoing messages from Pope Francis and Pope Leo XIV, he stressed the importance of education and media literacy as safeguards for human freedom. Critical thinking, discernment, and an ability to evaluate information, he said, are essential to prevent “the human heart itself” from becoming artificial. “Artificial intelligence must never replace us,” he said, adding that the Church must help believers remain fully human in a digital era that can shape thought, memory, and behaviour. Quoting Romano Guardini, he called for a renewed attitude proportionate to the power of technology—one rooted in conscience, responsibility, and truth.

Pope Leo XIV appealed for an immediate end to the renewed hostilities on the Thai-Cambodian border, where recent clashes have caused casualties – including civilians – and forced thousands to flee their homes. Addressing the faithful gathered for the General Audience on December 10, the Pope expressed his “deep sorrow” at the reports emerging from the region.

“I am deeply saddened by the news of the renewed conflict along the border between Thailand and Cambodia. There have been casualties, including among civilians, and thousands of people have been forced to leave their homes. I express my closeness in prayer to these dear peoples.” 

The violence marks the latest flare-up in a decades-long border dispute, in which contested sections of territory – particularly areas surrounding culturally significant temple sites – have periodically triggered exchanges of fire between the two nations. While past efforts at arbitration and regional diplomacy have sought to stabilise the frontier, ceasefires have often proved fragile, leaving local communities repeatedly caught in the crossfire. Speaking at the end of the General Audience, the Holy Father lamented the recurrence of these tensions and asked the parties “to cease fire immediately and resume dialogue”.

Caritas Da Nang has pushed into some of the most isolated flood-hit communities in central Vietnam as successive floods and landslides continue to devastate the region.  The social action arm of the Diocese of Da Nang said its teams have been “steadfast on the road” for nearly three weeks, combining urgent relief with early recovery efforts for people trapped by rising waters and collapsing mountain slopes.

In recent days, central provinces have “continued to bend under successive floods and severe landslides,” Caritas Da Nang reported, adding that water returned to communities that had only just begun to dry out.  Beginning on November 17, water levels in the Vu Gia and Thu Bon rivers climbed again to between alert level 2 and alert level 3, causing deep and widespread flooding. Caritas teams have travelled through mud-clogged mountain routes to reach villages cut off for days. 

In A Teep village in Quang Nam province, Caritas workers found the entire residential area of 15 ethnic minority households buried under thousands of cubic metres of earth and rock. Only rooftops remained above the mud. Residents told the team that 10 homes were completely buried and five seriously damaged, but all 50 people survived after a timely evacuation.During the same mission, Caritas delivered food to 76 families in a nearby hamlet that had been isolated for two weeks with nearly all reserves depleted. 

In A Soo village, Caritas Da Nang director Father Simon and Father Joseph Pham Thanh Binh of Caritas Saigon brought food to 50 families stranded by landslides.  The organization also delivered a generator to the Tay Giang sub-parish of Dong Vinh Parish. Across multiple districts, Caritas has been distributing warm clothing, blankets, mattresses, bicycles, food, and essential supplies through its Zero-Dong Supermarket model. 

The secretary of the Bangladesh Catholic Bishops’ Conference has criticized the death sentence given to ousted Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina as unilateral and politically motivated, reaffirming the Church’s opposition to capital punishment.

Bishop Ponen Paul Kubi, CSC, of the Mymensingh Diocese, told CNA that the verdict handed down Nov. 17 by Bangladesh’s International Crimes Tribunal was “one-sided” and that “the accused had no lawyer and that the current government used political power to give this verdict.”

“The Catholic Church has never supported the death penalty,” Kubi said. “I think that even if Sheikh Hasina committed a crime, she should be punished in a way that is remedial.”

Describing the verdict as an abuse of power, Kubi added: “If we judge in a hurry and give a verdict as we wish, we are no longer living in civilization, we have gone back to the primitive era.”

The Bangladesh International Crimes Tribunal found Hasina, 78, guilty of crimes against humanity related to the deadly crackdown on student-led protests in July and August 2024. The court sentenced both Hasina and her former home minister, Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal, to death in absentia. Former Inspector General of Police Chowdhury Abdullah Al-Mamun was sentenced to five years in prison after turning state witness.

The 453-page verdict, broadcast live on state television beginning around 12:30 p.m. local time Monday, found Hasina guilty on three of five charges, including ordering the use of drones, helicopters, and lethal weapons against protesters, and failing to prevent mass killings.